The bow timber, which had been uncovered 50 years ago, had significantly (α=0.05) more inorganic content and deterioration than the stern timber, which remained buried. stern) and within each timber (sapwood, outer heartwood, and inner heartwood) had more influence on the amount of metal accumulation and degree of degradation than depth below the SWI. The European white oak (Quercus spp.) timbers showed increased inorganic content and degradation compared to control oak samples. The main elements present in the wood were Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, S, B, K, P, and Cl. Concentrations of analyzed elements were an order of magnitude less within the wood compared to the sediment with the exception of boron, which was four to nine times greater in the wood than the sediment. Sedimentary analysis revealed that a homogenous, circumneutral, anoxic, and reducing environment existed 6 mm below the sediment/water interface (SWI). The objectives of this study were: first, to assess the sedimentary conditions around the wreck second, to assess the chemical inorganic content with sediments surrounding the cog and within the timbers themselves to determine if there was a significant uptake of metals from the environment third, to assess the state o preservation of selected timbers from the cog through physical, chemical, and microscopic analysis. The site of the Kolding Cog, a 12th-Century merchant vessel sunk and buried in clay sediments in Kolding Fjord, was used as a case study to elucidate the relationship between burial conditions and the preservation of archaeological timbers.
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